Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: USGS National Center for EROS Publication_Date: 200509 Title: Grayscale North America Shaded Relief – 1-Kilometer Resolution Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Map Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: National Atlas of the United States Online_Linkage: Description: Abstract: The grayscale North America shaded relief data were derived from the GTOPO30 elevation data. GTOPO30 is a global digital elevation model (DEM) with a horizontal grid spacing of 30 arc seconds (approximately 1 kilometer). GTOPO30 was derived from several raster and vector sources of topographic information. It was developed between 1993 and 1996 through a collaborative effort led by staff at the U.S. Geological Survey's National Center for EROS. The following organizations participated by contributing funding or source data: the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the United Nations Environment Programme/Global Resource Information Database (UNEP/GRID), the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), the Instituto Nacional de Estadistica Geografica e Informatica (INEGI) of Mexico, the Geographical Survey Institute (GSI) of Japan, Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research of New Zealand, and the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Purpose: The grayscale shaded relief image were developed to portray the terrain of North America. It is intended for visual purposes only. The original GTOPO30 data must be used for conducting analysis and determining elevation values. Supplemental_Information: The associated world file is included as part of the GeoTIFF. The contents of the world file are: >1000.0000 >0.000000 >0.000000 >-1000.0000 >-6086629.0000 >4488761.0000 Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19930101 Ending_Date: 200209 Currentness_Reference: Dates of the elevation data Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: 166 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -4 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 83 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 15 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: Elevation Theme_Keyword: Imagery/Base Maps/Earth Cover Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: Digital Elevation Model Theme_Keyword: Shaded Relief Theme_Keyword: Topography Theme_Keyword: Topographic Theme_Keyword: DEM Theme_Keyword: GTOPO30 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: North America Place_Keyword: Canada Place_Keyword: Greenland Place_Keyword: Iceland Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: Mexico Place_Keyword: Caribbean Place_Keyword: Puerto Rico Place_Keyword: Virgin Islands Place_Keyword: Alabama Place_Keyword: Alaska Place_Keyword: Arizona Place_Keyword: Arkansas Place_Keyword: California Place_Keyword: Colorado Place_Keyword: Connecticut Place_Keyword: Delaware Place_Keyword: District of Columbia Place_Keyword: Florida Place_Keyword: Georgia Place_Keyword: Hawaii Place_Keyword: Idaho Place_Keyword: Illinois Place_Keyword: Indiana Place_Keyword: Iowa Place_Keyword: Kansas Place_Keyword: Kentucky Place_Keyword: Louisiana Place_Keyword: Maine Place_Keyword: Maryland Place_Keyword: Massachusetts Place_Keyword: Michigan Place_Keyword: Minnesota Place_Keyword: Mississippi Place_Keyword: Missouri Place_Keyword: Montana Place_Keyword: Nebraska Place_Keyword: Nevada Place_Keyword: New Hampshire Place_Keyword: New Jersey Place_Keyword: New Mexico Place_Keyword: New York Place_Keyword: North Carolina Place_Keyword: North Dakota Place_Keyword: Ohio Place_Keyword: Oklahoma Place_Keyword: Oregon Place_Keyword: Pennsylvania Place_Keyword: Rhode Island Place_Keyword: South Carolina Place_Keyword: South Dakota Place_Keyword: Tennessee Place_Keyword: Texas Place_Keyword: Utah Place_Keyword: Vermont Place_Keyword: Virginia Place_Keyword: Washington Place_Keyword: West Virginia Place_Keyword: Wisconsin Place_Keyword: Wyoming Access_Constraints: None. Use_Constraints: None. Acknowledgment of the U.S. Geological Survey, National Center for EROS and (or) the National Atlas of the United States would be appreciated in products derived from these data. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: John Hutchinson Contact_Organization: SAIC Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing address Address: USGS National Center for EROS City: Sioux Falls State_or_Province: SD Postal_Code: 57198-0001 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 605-594-6049 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: hutch@usgs.gov Native_Data_Set_Environment: 1-band TIFF format created using Arc/INFO 8.3 and then processed through custom software to create the GeoTIFF format. Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: No tests for logical consistency have been performed on this map layer. Completeness_Report: Data completeness reflects the content of the original GTOPO30 elevation data. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 1996 Title: GTOPO30 Edition: 1 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Sioux Falls, SD Publisher: National Center for EROS Online_Linkage: Type_Of_Source_Media: Online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1993 Ending_Date: 1996 Source_Currentness_Reference: Dates of the elevation data Source_Citation_Abbreviation: GTOPO30 Source_Contribution: Elevation information. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: USGS, National Center for EROS Publication_Date: Unpublished material Title: North America Elevation Grid Type_of_Source_Media: Internal file Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19930101 Ending_Date: 19961231 Source_Currentness_Reference: Dates of the elevation data Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Elevation1999 Source_Contribution: Elevation information. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: Unpublished material Title: October, 2001, update to GTOPO30 Type_of_Source_Media: Online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 200110 Source_Currentness_Reference: Date of data acquisition. Source_Citation_Abbreviation: 2001 Update Source_Contribution: Elevation information. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: Unpublished material Title: September, 2002, update to GTOPO30 Type_of_Source_Media: Online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 200209 Source_Currentness_Reference: Date of data acquisition. Source_Citation_Abbreviation: 2002 Update Source_Contribution: Elevation information. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: National Imagery and Mapping Agency Publication_Date: 1990 Title: World Vector Shoreline Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Bethesda, MD Publisher: National Imagery and Mapping Agency Online_Linkage: Type_of_Source_Media: Online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1990 Source_Currentness_Reference: Publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: WVS Source_Contribution: Shoreline information. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: USGS, National Center for EROS Publication_Date: Unpublished material Title: North America Elevation Grid Type_of_Source_Media: Internal file Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19930101 Ending_Date: 200209 Source_Currentness_Reference: Dates of the elevation data Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Elevation2002 Source_Contribution: Elevation information. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: National Atlas of the United States Publication_Date: 1999 Title: Shoreline file in Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area projection Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: National Atlas of the United States Type_of_Source_Media: Internal file Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1972 Ending_Date: 1999 Source_Currentness_Reference: Ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: shorelp020l Source_Contribution: Shoreline mask for area of coverage. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: USGS, National Center for EROS Publication_Date: Unpublished material Title: North America Grayscale Shaded Relief Type_of_Source_Media: Internal file Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19930101 Ending_Date: 200209 Source_Currentness_Reference: Dates of the elevation data Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Grayscale2002 Source_Contribution: Elevation information. Process_Step: Process_Description: The mosaic of elevation data used for North America Shaded Relief was first assembled in 1999 for use on the National Atlas web site, and for a printed color map at 1:10,000,000 scale published that same year. The original 1999 map layer was assembled from the following tiles of GTOPO30 elevation data: w180n90, w140n90, w100n90, w060n90, w020n90, w180n40, w140n40, w100n40, w060n40, w020n40. The tiles were ingested into Arc/INFO with the IMAGEGRID command. The resulting grids were combined into a single grid with the MERGE function. This grid was then projected into the Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area projection, centered on 100 degrees West, 45 degrees North. The .prj file used for the Arc PROJECT command contained these parameters: > INPUT > PROJECTION GEOGRAPHIC > UNITS DD > PARAMETERS > OUTPUT > PROJECTION LAMBERT_AZIMUTHAL > UNITS METERS > XSHIFT 0.0 > YSHIFT 0.0 > PARAMETERS > 0.0 > -100 0 0 > 45 0 0 > 0.0 > 0.0 > END > The western edge of the grid was extended to match that of the National Atlas of the United States Map Maker bounding rectangle, and the null cells in the extended area were converted to ocean color values using CON. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: GTOPO30 Process_Date: 1999 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Elevation1999 Process_Step: Process_Description: In 2001 and 2002, some areas of the elevation mosaic were updated with improved data provided as internal files by science staff at EROS Data Center. The first update, in October, 2001 featured two significant improvements: 1. Much of the GTOPO30 coverage of the conterminous United States was updated from higher resolution elevation data from the National Elevation Dataset; 2. Parts of northern Canada were corrected to remove a processing artifact that created an artificial pattern of "dimples" in the shaded relief. These elevation data were used for a printed National Atlas product, the 2002 "Shaded Relief of North America" map published at 1:10,000,000 scale. In the second update, in September, 2002, data for Greenland were entirely replaced by a higher resolution dataset that, however, suffered from geometric distortion. These new data for Greenland were adjusted to correct for geometric distortion in the northwest part of the island between the Robeson Channel and Cape Morris Jesup, and to improve registration with the coastline derived from World Vector Shoreline (WVS). A link coverage was created in ArcEdit containing links between the original Greenland data and the new coastline. The link coverage was used in the Arc ADJUST command to perform a linear transformation with bilinear resampling on the original image, stored as an Arc/INFO grid dataset. The resulting image is geometrically correct and fits the WVS coastline. This correction was applied to data for Greenland only. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Elevation1999 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: 2001 Update Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: 2002 Update Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: WVS Process_Date: 200212 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Elevation2002 Process_Step: Process_Description: Using the Arc/INFO Polygrid command, a 0/1 land/water mask was created for North America, using coastline data clipped from the National Atlas shoreline file. The land/water mask was applied to the 16-bit elevation grid. The masked elevation grid as well as the mask itself is available on request. A grayscale shaded relief rendition of the elevation data was created with the Grid HILLSHADE command using these parameters: >azimuth = 315 degrees >sun elevation = 45 degrees >Shadetype = SHADE >Vertical exaggeration = 10.0 For access to the original 16-bit DEM data (Elevation2002), please contact the National Atlas. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: shorelp020l Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Elevation2002 Process_Date: 200212 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Grayscale2002 Process_Step: Process_Description: To set colors for oceans the grayscale shaded relief image was first converted to index color in Photoshop. Pixel value 255 was already reserved for water pixels, and so index 255 was set to rgb value (132, 193, 255), the blue color for oceans used in the National Atlas online Map Maker. Masked images from Photoshop were saved as TIFF's, then ingested into Arc/INFO's Grid module, saved as TIFF's from Arc/INFO, and then processed through a USGS GeoTIFF software program to create fully- compliant GeoTIFFs with valid header information. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Grayscale2002 Process_Date: 200506 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Grid Cell Row_Count: 7273 Column_Count: 10366 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Map_Projection: Map_Projection_Name: Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area Lambert_Azimuthal_Equal_Area: Longitude_of_Projection_Center: -100.00 Latitude_of_Projection_Center: 45.00 False_Easting: 0.0 False_Northing: 0.0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: Row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 1000.0 Ordinate_Resolution: 1000.0 Planar_Distance_Units: Meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: None Ellipsoid_Name: Sphere Semi-major_Axis: 6370997.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 1.0 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Shaded relief TIFF image grid cell Entity_Type_Definition: Any of the data elements in the shaded relief file. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: National Atlas of the United States Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shaded relief TIFF image values Attribute_Definition: Index color values for the TIFF image. Attribute_Definition_Source: National Atlas of the United States Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 255 Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Earth Science Information Center, U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing address Address: 507 National Center City: Reston State_or_Province: VA Postal_Code: 20192 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS (1-888-275-8747) Contact_Voice_Telephone: 703-648-5920 Contact_Instructions: In addition to the address above there are other ESIC offices throughout the country. A full list of these offices is at . Distribution_Liability: Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, National Center for EROS, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey regarding the utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Use of trademarks or formats does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. There are no copyright restrictions on the use, redistribution, or further processing of this map layer. No responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of these data. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: TIFF Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: Fees: There is no charge for the map layer. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20050809 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Peg Rawson Contact_Organization: National Atlas of the United States Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing address Address: 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Address: MS-561 City: Reston State_or_Province: VA Postal_Code: 20192 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 703-648-4183 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: atlasmail@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Security_Information: Metadata_Security_Classification_System: None Metadata_Security_Classification: Unclassified Metadata_Security_Handling_Description: None